The upper part of this stele depicts the outline of the coastlines, the layout of mountains and lakes, as well as the administrative regions at that time. The lower part is a record of the territory changes from the ancient time to the Song Dynasty. The original stone was engraved in 1247 (Southern Song dynasty) and was placed in the Prefectural Confucian Academy(Fu Xue). It is now stored in the Museum of Engraved Stone Tablets in Suzhou, China.
Houqua’s “Swiss Account” in America: The Legacy of a Farsighted Entrepreneur (p.177~204)
6.1 A “Blind Trust” Hidden from Many 6.2 The Different Layers of Houqua’s Deep Pockets 6.3 Reaching into the Secret Compartment of Houqua’s Deep Pockets 6.4 The Size of and the Holdings in this Treasure Trove 6.5 Dissolution of the Trust and the Gradual De-Personification of the Relationship 6.6 The End of the Partnership
To Reorganize or To Be Recognized? Reconstituting Business in the Reconfigured World of Global Business (o.135~176)
5.1 Houqua’s Succession Plan 5.2 The Lasting Appeal of Canton to Houqua’s American Partners 5.3 Houqua is Dead, Long Live Houqua? 5.4 Global Financier or Just a Gold Mine? 5.5 Young Houqua’s Attempt to Break into the New System 5.6 The Seld-De-globalization of Houqua’s Family
Sustaining Trust: Overcoming Business Uncertainties through Time and Space (p.105~134)
4.1 The continuing Chain of Delegates to Canton 4.2 Replicating the Image 4.3 Distilling the Image and Achieving Mass Dissemination 4.4 Trying Times 4.5 The Testing of Trust
3 Weaving a Trading Network: Breaking Free with the Eagle (p.72~104) 3.1 Finding a Common Language for Capitalistic Exchange 3.2 Calculated Risks 3.3 Choosing Strategic Partners and Sanitizing Opium Exposure 3.4 Completing Circulation in the Network: What to Do with the Money? 3.5 The Use of the Law, or Not
Figure 3.1. Amount of Specie, Bills, and Merchandise Exported to Canton on the American Accounts, 1805-1833. Sources: Timothy Pitkin, A Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States of America, Including Also an Account of Banks, Manufactures and Internal Trade and Improvements: Together with that of the Revenues and Expenditures of the General Government: Accompanied with Numerous Tables (New Haven, CT: Durrie & Peck, 1835), 303. See also Yen-p’ing Hao, “Chinese Teas to America—a Synopsis," in America’s China Trade in Historical Perspective: The Chinese and American Performance, ed. Ernest R. May and John K. Fairbank (Cambridge, MA: Committee on American-East Asian Relations, Department of History, Harvard University, 1986), 23.
2 Lodging in an Existing Institution Taming the Lion at Home (p.32~71)
Figure 2.2. Market Size and Market Shares of Tea Exports from China, 1775-1800 (data are missing for 1782). Source: Hosea Ballou Morse, The Chronicles of the East India Company, Trading to China, 1635-1834 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926-1929), passim. My analysis of Louis Dermigny, La Chine et l’Occident: Le commerce à Canton au 18e siècle, 1719-1833 (Paris: S.E.V.P.E.N., 1964) reveals similar trends.
2.1 The Rising Trade of the British Empire 2.2 The British East India Company Flexes Its Mustles 2.3 Houqua’s Family Enters the Stage 2.4 Houqua Comes to the Fore 2.5 Configuring the Market to Deal with an Overpowering Buyer 2.6 Taming an Important but Difficult Trading Partner
Figure 2.3. The EIC’s Allocation of Shares among the Hong Mer-chants, 1800-1833. Note that the involvement of Mouqua lingered and that of the house of Puankhequa reemerged, albeit on a reduced scale. Puankhequa was compelled by the Qing government to return from retirement; it is ironic that the motive of the Qing state to secure a larger group of qualified traders coincided with the interests of the EIC and conflicted with the interests of the Chinese merchants. Sources: EIC G/12; R/10; Hosea Ballou Morse, The Chronicles of the East India Company, Trading to China, 1635-1834 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926-1929), passim.