明王贈豐太閣冊封文(複製品)綾本

來源:大阪歷史博物館
豐臣秀吉(1537-1598)為實現「假道入唐」的戰略目標,於 1592 年發動壬辰戰爭,意圖從朝鮮半島進攻明帝國。戰爭初期,日軍勢如破竹。然而在朝鮮反擊、明軍救援,以及李舜臣(1545-1598)取得制海權等情勢下,日軍推進受挫,戰事陷入僵局,明、日兩國遂啟和議 (1593)。
惟日方提出之停戰條件,未被明使沈惟敬如實奏達於明廷。萬曆皇帝(1563-1620)誤以為豐臣秀吉求封為「日本國王」。明使於 1595 年奉冊封文書至大阪後秀吉閱之震怒(據 1829年《日本外史》記述,然葡萄牙傳教士 Luís Fróis 記述*秀吉受封場景),遂再度興兵,開啟壬辰戰爭第二階段(1597/丁酉)的慶長之役。

Investiture from the Ming Ruler Bestowing
Grand Councilor Toyotomi as King (reproduction)
Anonymous, Ming dynasty (1368-1644), China Ink on fine silk
To achieve his strategic goal of “obtaining a route to China," the Japanese ruler Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537-1598) launched what became known as the Imjin War in 1592, intending to attack the Ming Empire via the Korean Peninsula. Initially, the Japanese army advanced rapidly. However, due to Korean counterattacks, Ming reinforcements, and Yi Sun-sin (1545-1598) gaining naval supremacy, Japanese progress stalled and the war entered a stalemate. Ming China and Japan then initiated peace negotiations.
However, the terms of the ceasefire proposed by the Japanese were not clearly conveyed to the Ming court. The Wanli emperor (1563-
1620) in China mistakenly believed that Hideyoshi was seeking permission to be granted the title of “King of Japan." After the Ming envoy delivered an investiture document dated to the first lunar month of 1595 to Osaka, Hideyoshi became enraged upon reading it and launched another military campaign, thus beginning the second phase of the Imjin War in 1597. On display is a reproduction of this investiture document.
大阪歷史博物館
Collection of the Osaka Museum of History
詔書全文:
奉天承運皇帝,制曰:聖仁廣運,凡天覆地載,莫不尊親帝命。溥將暨海隅日出,罔不率俾。昔我皇祖,誕育多方 。龜紐龍章,遠賜扶桑之域;貞珉大篆,榮施鎮國之山。 嗣以海波之揚,偶致風占之隔。當茲盛際,咨爾豐臣平秀吉,崛起海邦,知尊中國。西馳一介之使,欣慕來同。北叩萬里之關,肯求內附。情既堅於恭順,恩可靳於柔懷。茲特封爾為日本國王,賜之誥命。於戲龍賁芝函,襲冠裳於海表,風行卉服,固藩衛於天朝,爾其念臣職之當修。恪循要束,感皇恩之已渥。無替款誠,祗服綸言,永尊聲教。欽哉!
* 佛洛伊斯《十六・七世紀耶穌教會日本報告集》










