* 照片中的華英中學（Hoa Ing Tiong Hak）於 1916年 3月15日開業，原設立於三寶壟的 Gang Tengah 崗登加 (唐人街區域)。其前身為 1904 年 1月 17日開業的 Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan（THHK：中華會館)。華英中學後來搬到 Bojong（今 Jl Pemuda），稱為 CES Hoa Ing ；1966 年被迫停業，校址後來成為 SMA 5 高中。
Analyses of the Kuyunjik (Kouyunjik) relief and other data suggest Phoenicia probably did not build ships with rams before the Battle of Salamis (480 BC). A review of Greek literature, iconography, and archaeology suggests the naval ram may have been a Greek invention, appearing at the earliest in the 6th century BC and possibly as late as the 5th century.
Til Barsib painting* before cleaning. (from Thureau-Dangin and Dunand, 1936-37: frontispiece reproduced by permission of Editions Geuthner)
Its evolution may have led to a shift from laced to pegged mortise‐and‐tenon joinery in Greek shipbuilding as well as the development of the wineglass‐shaped hull and heavier framing. It may also have influenced the development of large‐scale bronze‐casting in Greece.
The earliest known Phoenician* (often spelled Phoenician or Phae-nician) shipwrecks date back to the 8th century BC. Notable early deep-sea discoveries include twin wrecks found off the coast of Israel in roughly 750 BC, and the 2,700-year-old Xlendi wreck (the Gozo Phoenician shipwreck) near Malta dating to around 700 BC, Homer’s era.
Between c. 1100 and 600 BCE, the Phoenician city-states of the Levant, especially Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, and Arwad, developed one of the ancient Mediterranean’s most dynamic maritime trading systems.
Key Early Phoenician Wrecks 📍Israel Deep-Sea Wrecks (c. 750 BC): Discovered over 1,000 feet down in the Mediterranean, carrying amphorae filled with wine. 📍Gozo / Xlendi Wreck (c. 700 BC): Found 110 meters deep near Malta, carrying an international cargo of lava grinding stones and amphorae. (pdf) 📍Mazarrón II (c. 7th Century BC): A remarkably intact shallow-water wreck found off the coast of Spain, raised by archaeologists for preservation. 📍Bajo de la Campana (7th Century BC): Located off Cartagena, Spain, representing the earliest Phoenician wreck to undergo a complete archaeological excavation.
The Uluburun shipwreck is a late 14th-century BC merchant vessel discovered off the coast of Kas, Turkey. Sinking around 1300 BC, it carried a massive wealth of international trade goods, including 10 tons of copper ingots, one ton of tin, glass, ivory, and Egyptian jewelry.
復原模型 (船長推測：15~16 m) The most likely date of the sinking of the ship was rounded up to 1320±15 years.
Discovery & Excavation 📍Found in 1982 by a local sponge diver near Uluburun point. 📍Excavated between 1984 and 1994 by the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA). 📍Over 22,000 dives logged at depths of 44 to 61 meters (144 to 200 feet).
Cargo & Significance 📍Raw Metals*: 354 copper oxhide ingots and 121 tin ingots, enough to make eight tons of bronze. 📍Luxury Goods**: Canaanite amphorae, ebony logs, ivory hippopotamus teeth, ostrich eggshells, and blue glass beads. 📍Personal Items^: Weapons from Mycenaean Greece and Canaan, Canaanite and Cypriot pottery, and a golden scarab bearing the name of Egyptian Queen Nefertiti. 📍Historical Impact: Documented in detail on the Uluburun shipwreck page, it remains the premier archaeological source for understanding Late Bronze Age Mediterranean trade networks and seafaring.
Bodrum (Castle) Museum 展示的貨艙推想模型
📍Cross-cultural cargo: Mycenaean, Syro-Palestinian, Cypriot, Egyptian, Kassite, Assyrian and Nubian.
* 10 tons of primarily Cypriot copper in the form of 354 ‘oxhide’ ingots; 175 of the earliest known intact disc-shaped ingots of glass which were coloured with cobalt blue, turquoise, and a unique lavender; A ton of terebinth resin contained in around 150 Canaanite jars, logs of Egyptian ebony, ostrich eggshells, elephant tusks, hippopotamus teeth, seashells, and tortoise shells.
** luxurious finished goods on board; Egyptian objects of gold, electrum, silver, and stone; Canaanite jewellery; thousands of beads made of glass, agate, carnelian, quartz, faience, and amber; and finely crafted figurines and a scarab bearing the cartouche of Queen Nefertiti.
^ Artefacts that were personal possessions of the crew members, such as tools, oil lamps, and writing boards, suggest that the crew were Canaanite and/or Cypriot, although at least two were Mycenaean.
The Locations of the Uluburun and Gelidonya shipwrecks, along with the origins of many of the items from the Uluburun wreck.
The proveniences of the artefacts suggest that the Late Bronze Age Aegean was part of an established international trade network, perhaps based on royal gift-giving in the Near East, in which ships sailed the Mediterranean on a circular route from Syro-Palestine to Cyprus, onto the Aegean, and occasionally as far west as Sardinia, then back home via North Africa and Egypt.
The ship set sail from either a Cypriot or Syro-Canaanite port. The Uluburun ship was undoubtedly sailing to the region west of Cyprus, but her ultimate destination can be concluded only from the distribution of objects matching the types carried on board. It has been proposed that ship’s destination was a port somewhere in the Aegean Sea. Rhodes, at the time an important redistribution centre for the Aegean, has been suggested as a possible destination. According to the excavators of the shipwreck, the probable final destination of the ship was one of the Mycenaean palaces, in mainland Greece.
Early photos of the tableau of Syro-Canaanite ships in the tomb of Kenamun (TT. 162; Amenhotep III, reigned 1386-1349 BC). This wall painting no longer exists. (a) Center and right side of the scene depicting ships docked at an Egyptian harbor and trading activities. Note particularly the scribe recording slaves (?) and the man above him with a staff whose head is hidden behind the bow of the ship. (b) Large ships on the left side of the scene. After (Daressy 1895, pl. XIV–XV).
Dovoha 